5/2/14

• Caesar's veterans forced Pompey to flee Italy and later Pompey was defeated by Caesar in Greece and murdered in Egypt where he had taken refuge.  
• Caesar moved himself up to make himself Supreme ruler of the republic then he had himself appointed to most of the leading magistracies, either simultaneously or in quick secession: tribune, supreme pontiff, consul, and dictator for a ten year term
• Used his new powers to attack the grave problems facing Rome 
• He took care to keep the loyalty of the soldiers and prevent rise of rival warlords, by resettling war veterans on farmlands in Italy and provinces
• He gave the Romans splendid public buildings and roads and introduced reforms into every department of administration
• He started wearing purple robes of the ancient kings
• The senate's weren't happy because they had lost all of their power so they decided they were going to murder Caesar
• The senate told Caesar that they had to talk to him  and they Stabbed him. They all passed around the sword and all stabbed him so they couldn’t blame it on each other. They all had blood on their hands. He was stabbed 23 times
• Romans became just as much an inspiration and model for Western development
•  Princeps: "first citizen," a traditional Roman name for prominent leaders who were considered indispensable to the Republic that came to be used by Augustus and other early emperors  
• The main lines of the Augustan settlement" had emerged by 27 B.C, the year generally accepted as the end of the republic and the beginning of the rule of the Roman emperors
• By arrangement with the senate in 27 B.C., Augustus was confirmed as commander in chief
• In restoring the Republic, Augustus was careful not to bring back the "mixed" government that had once been the source of stability and vitality
• Augustus sprang up throughout the empire, with prominent local citizens competing to serve as priests. Finally when he died the senate declared him a divine human being like Julius Caesar
• Augustus also acquired the title of Father of the Fatherland
• First Augustus brought the system of government appointments under his personal control
• Second he showed respect for local institutions and encouraged provincial leaders to fulfill their responsibilities
• Third Augustus reorganized the army to ensure the loyalty of the rank-and -file soldiers  
• Then Augustus gradually brought about his single most drastic reform.
• Egypt, the lands stretching from Italy and Greece to the River Danube, a wide swath of Germany to the East of the Rhine all these territories were added to the empire by Augustus legions
•  Caesar: the imperial title given to the designated successor of a regaining emperor
• Augustus: the imperial title given to a regaining emperor
• Roman peace: A term used to refer to relative stability and prosperity that roman rule brought to the Mediterranean world and much of western Europe during the first and second centuries