Today we learned and reviewed about charlame so i hope i do good. Ive been studing hard for it and i have been reviewing and everything. I had a great weekend to. I got first on my pony pirate and third on my horse broker. It was an eventing show. Then i went to a devon horse show with my friend and he Shetland pony won the pony race. Although some kids fell off. It was also a fair though and i got sunburnt. Anyways i hope i get an A on ur test tomorrow.

Test Questions:

AD 476 to AD 1453 Middle Ages

this new society has roots in:

• classical heritage of Rome 
• beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church
• customs of various Germanic tribes

overrun the western halp of the Roman Empire causing:

• disruption of trade
• downfall of cities
• population shifts to rural areas

decline of learning

• tribes had oral tradition, songs, but couldn't read Greek or Latin
• Romance languages evolve (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian)
• few besides priests were literate

Germanic warriors' loyalty is to the lord of the manor he provides them with food, weapons, treasure. Result:

• no orderly govt. for large areas
• small communities rule

Clovis rules the Germani people of Gaul, known as the Franks.

in 496 he has a  battlefield conversion - he and 3000 of his warriors become Christians

the Church in Rome likes this

by 511 the Franks are united into one kingdom, with Clovis and the Church working as partners

in 520, Benedict writes rules for monks:

• vows of poverty (live simply in monasteries)
• chastity (no material relations)
• obedience (listen to church superiors)

his sister Scholastica writes similar rules for nuns

they operate schools, maintain libraries, copy books

Church revenues are used to help the poor, build roads, and raise armies. this is a theocracy.

ost of the rest of Europe consists of smaller kingdoms

Hammer defeats a Muslim raiding party from Span at the Battle of Tours

Notes 5/19/14

Germanic kingdoms unite under Charlemagne

 

Main idea

• Many Germanic kingdoms that succeeded the Roman empire were reunited under Charlemagne's empire

Why it matters now

• Charlemagne spread Christian civilization throughout northern Europe. Which is where many of us come form

Setting the stage

• Middle ages = medieval period
• 500 - 1500 AD
• Medieval Europe is fragmented

A.Invasion trigger changes in western Europe

1.Invasions and constant warfare spark new trends

a.Disruption of trade

• Europe`s cities are no longer economic centers
• Money is scarce

b.Downfall of cites

• Cities are no longer centers of administration

c.Population shifts

• Nobles retreat to the rural areas
• Cities don’t have strong leadership

 

2.Decline of learning

a.Germanic invaders are illiterate, but they communicate through oral tradition

b.Only priests and church officials could read and write

c.Knowledge of Greek (literature, science, philosophy)

3.Loss of a common language

a.Dialects develop in different regions

b.By the 800s, French, Spanish, other Roman-based languages are evolving from Latin

B.Germanic kingdoms emerge

1.The concept of government changes

a.Roman society: loyal to public government

b.Germanic society: loyal to family

• Germanic chief led warriors
• During peace, he provided food, weapons, treasure, a place to live (the lords hall)
• During wartime, warriors, warriors fought for the lord

c."The king? Who's that? You want to collect taxes from me? Who the heck are you?"

d.Franks live in the Roman province of Gaul--their leader is Clovis

2. The franks under Clovis
1. Another battlefield conversion! (Just like Constantine)
2. Clovis and 3000 of his warriors are baptized by the bishop
3. The church in Rome approves of this "alliance"
4. Clovis and the church began to work together

A simple mathematical equation

 

Clovis` military expertise

+ the church's support and money

3. Germanic peoples adopt Christianity
5. (Pope) Gregory I expands papal power
1. Papacy = popes office
2. Secular power = worldly power
3. So…under Gregory the Great…

PaPal Power(the power of the pope) is Political Power

Presented from the PoPe`s Place

4. The church can use church money to:

Raise armies

Repair roads

Help the poor

5. Gregory the Great began to act as mayor of Rome, and as head of an Earthly kingdom (Christendom)

todays notes 5/14/14

Yesterday we took the rome test the big one and i got a 73% but i didn't know half off the stuff because i wasn't here on Tuesday so i get to retake the test so i will do much better this time around and i hope get my ding i have been waiting for this whole year.

Diocletian

• he rules from 284 - 303
• it's cool to persecute Christians
• Rome needs a big army (400,000 strong)
• Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials)

Constantine

• rules from 306 - 337
• it's cool to BE a Christian
• conversion to Christianity

via a cross in the sky (conquer by this!)

• 313 - his Edict of Milan proclaims

freedom of worship

• built a new capital in the East
• Byzantium, soon to be known as Constantinople

life in the Fourth Century

• country dwellers are getting bankrupted by endless tax collection

• new farming system: peasants work for elite landlords on large farms

• peasants can avoid paying taxes, but they are getting hit just as hard by the landlords

• paying off debts and being "allowed" to live on the land, in exchange for endless back-breaking work (such a deal!)

• landowners hold local power as counts and bishops, wielding more real power than the faraway empire

• foreshadowing feudalism

 

Rome's power is decreasing, while nomadic barbarians gain power

 

Western Empire is too poor, begins to be neglected

 

Huns migrate from China to eastern Europe

 

Visigoths take over Spain, and actually capture and loot Rome itself in 410

 

Vandals control Carthage and the western Mediterranean

 

other barbarian tribes:

 

    Ostrogoths in Italy

 

    Franks in Gaul

    Angles and Saxons in Britain

 

from the beginnings...

    500 BC - the monarchy is abolished

    450 BC - the Twelve Tables are established

...through the glory days...

    44 BC - end of the line for Julius Caesar

    27 BC - 180 AD - the Roman Peace (Pax Romana)

to the bitter end...

    constant fifth century invasions by barbarian tribes left the western Roman Empire shattered and crumbling

the last emperor was a teenage boy installed in 475 by his father

barbarians deposed Romulus Augustulus without bothering to kill him 

 

 

 
 

absent on tuesday

sorry i wasn't here i went to this Pimlico tour thing to see all the Preakness horse gallop. And i met California Chrome so yea. This is my blog since i wasn't here yesterday in class and my computer has been acting stupid and not working so im posting today. i will get my absent work today in class. But it was really cool and i learned a lot

notes from monday

Two emperors

Diocletian

• He rules from 284-303
• It's cool to persecute Christians
• Rome needs a bug army (400,000 strong)
• Rome needs a big government (20,000 officials)

Constantine

• Rules from 306-337
• It's cool to be a Christian
• Conversion to Christianity via cross in the sky (conquer by this!)
• 313 - his edict of Milan proclaims freedom of worship
• Built a new capital in eth east
• Byzantium, soon to be known as Constantinople  

5/9/14

• Jesus spends three years preaching, is killed by Roman leaders
• Jesus` followers believe he is the messiah and Savior who has risen from the dead
• Saul (the persecutor) becomes Paul (the evangelist), spreading Jesus` message (one true god, not roman gods)
• Christianity evolves from cult statues to established, official statues
• Priest, bishops, pope (Bishop of Rome)
• Christians and Jews were monotheistic (believing in one God)
• this conflicted with Roman beliefs
• persecution against both was common
• Christianity appealed to the poor, and since there were many poor, their numbers grew
• as it grew, even some Roman leaders embraced Christianity
• (can you see the tide beginning to turn...?)
• AD 313: Constantine has a battlefield conversion
• He issues the Edict of Milan
• Not only no persecution, but actual approval of Christianity, eventually making it the official religion of Rome
• the Roman Empire and Christianity are now linked in power and influence
• AD 180: Rome has problems
• economic (trade became risky; taxes were too high; food supply was dropping)
• military (frontiers were hard to patrol; Roman generals fought for control; soldiers' loyalty declined and mercenaries appeared)
• Diocletian divided the empire into two
• Greek-speaking East (had more resources)
• Latin-speaking West (Rome, tradition)
• AD 324 - Constantine becomes emperor over both halves of the empire
• moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople), where Asia met Europe (now Turkey)
• after his death, empire is divided again
• this time, "barbarian invaders" (Huns, Vandals, Visigoths, Angles, Saxons, Franks) overrun the empire's frontiers
• that's it for the Roman Empire (AD 476)

Fridays notes

• Jesus spends three years preaching, is killed by Roman leaders
• Jesus` followers believe he is the messiah and Savior who has risen from the dead
• Saul (the persecutor) becomes Paul (the evangelist), spreading Jesus` message (one true god, not roman gods)
• Christianity evolves from cult statues to established, official statues
• Priest, bishops, pope (Bishop of Rome)
• Christians and Jews were monotheistic (believing in one God)
• this conflicted with Roman beliefs
• persecution against both was common
• Christianity appealed to the poor, and since there were many poor, their numbers grew
• as it grew, even some Roman leaders embraced Christianity
• (can you see the tide beginning to turn...?)
• AD 313: Constantine has a battlefield conversion
• He issues the Edict of Milan
• Not only no persecution, but actual approval of Christianity, eventually making it the official religion of Rome
• the Roman Empire and Christianity are now linked in power and influence
• AD 180: Rome has problems
• economic (trade became risky; taxes were too high; food supply was dropping)
• military (frontiers were hard to patrol; Roman generals fought for control; soldiers' loyalty declined and mercenaries appeared)
• Diocletian divided the empire into two
• Greek-speaking East (had more resources)
• Latin-speaking West (Rome, tradition)
• AD 324 - Constantine becomes emperor over both halves of the empire
• moves the capital from Rome to Byzantium (renamed Constantinople), where Asia met Europe (now Turkey)
• after his death, empire is divided again
• this time, "barbarian invaders" (Huns, Vandals, Visigoths, Angles, Saxons, Franks) overrun the empire's frontiers
• that's it for the Roman Empire (AD 476)

5/5/14

The Roman Empire

 …and to the republic empire

     For which it stands…

• Begins the pax romana - a period of peace and prosperity
• Built roads, aqueducts (brought water to the cities)
• Set up civil service to take care of roads, the grain supply, even a postal service
• Augustus dies at age 76 on A.D. 14, and passes power to…
• Tiberius: bit first, a word about Jesus.     And Paul
• Jesus was a roman citizen and a practicing Jew
• At 30, he began his ministry (A.D. 31-33), preaching to the poor  (and there were lots of em) in the empire, and reaching out to outsiders
• Statements like "My kingdom is not of this world" made the Romans (and the Jews) nervous, and they began to plan his execution
• The governor of the Roman province of Judaea, Pontius Pilate (prompted by Jewish high priests), sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion
• Octavian -- AKA Caesar Augustus
• Paul is instrumental in telling the world about Jesus` life, death, resurrection, and message
• He travels far and wide: Cyprus, Anatolia, Athens, Corinth, Macedonia, Rome, Jerusalem, and maybe even Spain and Britain
• He writes letters to many of those he spoke to these epistles are a part of the  New Testament
• If not the efforts of Paul, it is likely that Jesus remains an obscure preacher, instead of the central figure of the world's largest religion 
• Caligula -- Good start…
• In addition to being Germanicus` son, he was Tiberius` adopted grandson and great nephew -putting him next in line for emperor
• He started off well: granting bonuses to those in the military, declaring treason trials a thing of eth past, and made government spending a matter of public record
• All in all, the first seven month of Caligula's region were "completely blissful" (according to historian Philo)…then…
• …Bad finish for Caligula
• He began to fight with the senate
• He claimed to be a god, and had statues displayed in many places - including the Jewish temple in Jerusalem (Sacrilege!)
• Other examples of cruelty and insanity: he had slept with other men`s wives and bragged about it, indulged in too much spending and sex, and even tried to make his horse a consul and a priest (at least that`s what his critics said )
• Assassinated by his own aides AD 41 (aged 28)
• Next in line: Claudius
• Ostracized by his family because of his disabilities (Limp, slight deafness, possible speech impediment - thought to be cerebral palsy or polio), he was the last adult male in his family when Caligula was killed
• He rose to the occasion: he conquered Britain; he built roads, canals, and aqueducts; he renovated the Circus Maximus
• Had an awful marriage to Messalina, who was quite often unfaithful to hum, even plotting to seize power for her lover Silius through a coup - so Claudius had them killed
• Meanwhile - religious troubles
• Christianity and Judaism: Monotheistic
• Romans had many gods, plus at times the emperor was viewed as a God
• AD 66: a group of Jews called the Zealots tried to rebel, but Roman troops put them down and burned their temple (except for one wall)
• The western wall today id the holiest of all Jewish shrines
• Half a million Jews died in the rebellion
• Persecution of Christians
• Romans were harsh toward those who would not worship the emperor
• Especially Christians, who were viewed as followers of a new, upstart religion (cult)
• Often used for "entertainment" purposes in the Colosseum (thrown to the lions, etc)
• Despite the oppression, Christianity grew quickly  -- by AD 200, around 10 percent of eth people in eth Roman empire were Christians  

5/2/14

• Caesar's veterans forced Pompey to flee Italy and later Pompey was defeated by Caesar in Greece and murdered in Egypt where he had taken refuge.  
• Caesar moved himself up to make himself Supreme ruler of the republic then he had himself appointed to most of the leading magistracies, either simultaneously or in quick secession: tribune, supreme pontiff, consul, and dictator for a ten year term
• Used his new powers to attack the grave problems facing Rome 
• He took care to keep the loyalty of the soldiers and prevent rise of rival warlords, by resettling war veterans on farmlands in Italy and provinces
• He gave the Romans splendid public buildings and roads and introduced reforms into every department of administration
• He started wearing purple robes of the ancient kings
• The senate's weren't happy because they had lost all of their power so they decided they were going to murder Caesar
• The senate told Caesar that they had to talk to him  and they Stabbed him. They all passed around the sword and all stabbed him so they couldn’t blame it on each other. They all had blood on their hands. He was stabbed 23 times
• Romans became just as much an inspiration and model for Western development
•  Princeps: "first citizen," a traditional Roman name for prominent leaders who were considered indispensable to the Republic that came to be used by Augustus and other early emperors  
• The main lines of the Augustan settlement" had emerged by 27 B.C, the year generally accepted as the end of the republic and the beginning of the rule of the Roman emperors
• By arrangement with the senate in 27 B.C., Augustus was confirmed as commander in chief
• In restoring the Republic, Augustus was careful not to bring back the "mixed" government that had once been the source of stability and vitality
• Augustus sprang up throughout the empire, with prominent local citizens competing to serve as priests. Finally when he died the senate declared him a divine human being like Julius Caesar
• Augustus also acquired the title of Father of the Fatherland
• First Augustus brought the system of government appointments under his personal control
• Second he showed respect for local institutions and encouraged provincial leaders to fulfill their responsibilities
• Third Augustus reorganized the army to ensure the loyalty of the rank-and -file soldiers  
• Then Augustus gradually brought about his single most drastic reform.
• Egypt, the lands stretching from Italy and Greece to the River Danube, a wide swath of Germany to the East of the Rhine all these territories were added to the empire by Augustus legions
•  Caesar: the imperial title given to the designated successor of a regaining emperor
• Augustus: the imperial title given to a regaining emperor
• Roman peace: A term used to refer to relative stability and prosperity that roman rule brought to the Mediterranean world and much of western Europe during the first and second centuries